Nitrogen
Nitrogen is fundamental for protein synthesis and grass growth. Its deficiency causes yellowing and growth slowdown, while its excess can lead to issues such as excessive growth, weakened turf, and increased susceptibility to diseases. Due to its high solubility, especially in its nitrate form, nitrogen is prone to leaching and must be carefully managed.
Phosphorus
Phosphorus is crucial for root development, but its low solubility and tendency to become immobile in the soil complicate its availability. Phosphorus must be applied frequently to maintain adequate levels, especially in high pH soils that increase phosphorus immobilization.
Potassium
Potassium is involved in numerous metabolic processes, such as carbohydrate and protein synthesis. Its deficiency weakens the turf, increasing susceptibility to diseases and adverse conditions. Potassium applications in autumn and winter strengthen the root system, improving drought resistance and nutrient absorption.
Fertilization in golf courses
Fertilization should be based on crop extraction, leaching losses, and the need to maintain optimal nutritional conditions in the soil. Soil analyses allow for the detection of deficiencies and imbalances, adjusting fertilization according to the specific needs of each course and climatic conditions.
Fertilization programs
Fertilization programs vary according to the species grown, soil characteristics, and climate. It is crucial to maintain an adequate balance of nutrients, with a common NPK ratio of 3-1-3 or 3-1-2. Applications should be consistent throughout the year, with greater intensity during periods of active growth.
Soil acidity and pH
Soil pH influences nutrient availability and microbial activity. Extreme pH values can cause toxicity or deficiencies of certain nutrients, negatively affecting turf performance. pH adjustments are necessary through the application of amendments as needed.
Sodicity
Sodium can negatively affect soil structure, replacing essential divalent cations and reducing soil cohesion. The Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) is used to evaluate the suitability of irrigation water, classifying waters according to their sodium content and total salinity.
Managing fertilization and turf nutrition on golf courses is complex and must be adapted to the specific conditions of each course. Proper management ensures a healthy and attractive turf, capable of withstanding intensive use and varying climatic conditions.
